[Ref Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25B Page 12-8, The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 329, 330] Why pilots should understanding of high- and low-pressure wind patterns? Ans: There are various reasons! It is taking about how to take advantage of beneficial tailwinds. It is also related to the direction of wind drift when […]
Category: The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School
What’s thermal runaway?
[Ref SKYbrary] What’s thermal runAway? (p.s NOT thermal runway!!!) Thermal runaway is a situation that occurs when an increase in temperature changes the conditions of a reaction in a way that causes a further increase in temperature – It is a kind of uncontrolled positive feedback. In other words, if a process is accelerated by an increase […]
Atmosphere
[Ref Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25B Page 12-2, The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 317-318] What’s atmosphere? The atmosphere is a blanket of air made up of a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. Two main functions of atmosphere? absorbs energy (heat) from the sun protects life on Earth from high energy radiation […]
Adverse yaw
[Ref The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 51] What’s adverse yaw? Adverse yaw is aileron drag that the tendency for an aircraft to yaw out of a turn due to the increased drag produced by the down-going aileron (the up-going wing) How the adverse yaw induced? For example, to make the plane bank clockwise […]
What’s Hydoplaning
[Ref. The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 202] Hydroplaning is the phenomenon in which the tire skating along on a thin film of water in lieu of rotating. #braking #action
Recovery differences between Stall, Spin and Spiral Dive
[Ref. The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 86 – 89] Stall recovery control wheel forward – reduce AoA Full power – minimize height loss in case wing drop, use rudder to correct – NOT aileron ! NOTES: Wing drops close to the stall, correct with rudder [the secondary effect of yaw (by rudder) is roll] Spin Recovery Power off full opposite rudder – to oppose the […]
Spin v.s Spiral Dive
[Ref. The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 86 – 89] Spin BOTH wings stalled nose (attitude) is upward pitching high rate of descent Airspeed low and fluctuating Spiral Dive NOT stall condition High rate of descent Airspeed High and rapid increasing Indeed, recovery between Spin and Spiral Dive are different.
Spin : BOTH wings stalled
[Ref. The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 86 – 89] Spin – stalled plane enters the autorotation following a spiral axis Phases of spin: Stall Incipient stage of spin Fully developed spin Recovery spin To spin – BOTH wings stalled the dropping wing is more deeply stalled than the other greater drag on […]
Sweepback and Taper wing – Stalling at the wing tip first
[Ref. The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 46, FAA-H-8083-25B Page 5-22] Sweepback and/or Taper wing will stall at the wing tip first Reason of stalling at wing tip first outer wing has high AOI (Angle of Incidence) and thus experiences a higher aerodynamic loading in case sweepback design, more span-wise flow and thus effective AoA (α […]
Washout : Stalling at the wing root first
[Ref. The Pilot’s Manual PM2 Ground School Page 23,84] Washout – decrease AOI(Angle of Incidence) from wing root to tip. Washout imply wing root would reaches stall angle prior to the wing tip, thus wing root would stall first Notes: rectangular wing also tends to stall at wing root first. Benefit of wing root […]