[Ref Safety first #22 July 2016 – 1/23] Q: Why pilots should know the freezing level? A: Pilots should know the freezing level because they could have more expectation about the threat of icing. Indeed, it might relate to the usage of  WX radar. In order to get accurate weather detection, the weather radar antenna […]

[Ref. Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25B Page 8-9, 8-10] To enable pilots to determine certain airspeed limitations at a glance, airspeed indicator (ASI) has a standard color-coded marking . In single-engine general aircraft’s analog ASI, there are 4-color areas: White arc “Flap operating range” Green arc normal operating range Yellow arc “caution range” operates […]

[Ref HKCAD 54, ICAO 1,ICAO 2 , TEA] No matter you are applying for a cadet program from airlines or you are going to get your ATPL by yourself. English Language Proficiency Assessment Programme (ELPAP) is inevitable in your selection or training process.   First, there are 6 levels of result in ICAO framework  – […]

[Ref AVIA4022 handout] There are 4 major external problems and constraints in HKSAR’s airspace management HKFIR is within the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of which airspace is relatively small – this increases the airspace complexity. For example, flow control from Mainland ATC is not unusual  – it can be a result of weather, traffic […]

The link below helps to  : Find out the 2-letter code of an airline or identify to which airline a 2-letter code corresponds Find out the 3-letter code of a location (airport, city) or identify which airport or city uses a particular code https://www.iata.org/publications/Pages/code-search.aspx   #IATA #airline #airport #code #location #place #air #waybill

[Ref AVIA4017 handout]   Handling Environmental Pros Data Quality ↑ standardize format and protocol computer programming helps checking data during entry process as well as before enter into database Big data appliation computer programming helps analysis data – x-check procedure and information retrieving (either OPS or Finance Team could get benefit) Risk and Cost ↓ reduce human […]

[Ref Youtube] The above two video clip are also describing the Air Data Inertial Reference System (ADIRS – pronounced “Ada-s”), of which major purpose are to feed 1) air data and 2) inertial information for various flight management computers and components (e.g Engine). Also, it provide information to flight crews on flight displays. Composition of […]