[Ref FTA material 2016]

TEM

• Turning into unseen traffic behind:
  Lookout behind before and throughout turn
• Airspace violation:
  Orientate position before each successive turn

To enter a turn

TEM: Ask yourself – trim or not? If not, do it first!

T – Trimmed, checked
L – Lookout, using right turn an example, shake the wing to clear left, center above and below and right, especially in the direction of turn and behind
B – Bank to 30° bank angle
B – Simultaneously Balance with rudder – left turn-left rudder, right turn-right rudder
B – Apply Backpressure to maintain altitude

NOTES:

NEVER TRIM during turning maneuver. Should it might be allowed, at least as a student pilot, don’t do this, please!

To maintain the turn

TEM:
One thing should be noticed is that the stability might be different from plane-to-plane. Some aircraft with neutral dynamic stability, in those plane, once you establish the correct attitude, the control yoke should return to neutral position, otherwise the turn will become steeper and even incur overbanking as well as spiral dive

ALALP cycle

A – Maintain the Attitude (30° bank angle and in balance)
L – Lookout (make sure there is no traffic, particularly in direction of turn)
A – Maintain the Attitude (30° bank angle and in balance)
L – Lookout (make sure there is no traffic, particularly in direction of turn)
P – Performance (ASI, AI, ALT, VSI, DI, TC)
Ensure bank angle is correct
Ensure altitude is constant, Check balance

To exit the turn

L – Lookout, especially in the direction of turn and anticipate (lead) to allow for
inertia and rollout)
B – Bank to wings level
B – Simultaneously Balance with rudder
B – Relax Backpressure to maintain altitude