[Ref Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25B Page 6-8]

Rudder

• controls yaw movement of the aircraft about its vertical axis
• Using the illustration on right as an example:
  • left pedal – the rudder moves left
  • this alters the airflow around the rudder
  • creates a sideward lift that moves the tail to the right and yaws the nose of the airplane to the left