[Ref AC 00-6B]
Turbulence is irregular motion of an aircraft in flight, especially when characterized by rapid up-and-down motion caused by a rapid variation of atmospheric wind velocities.
3 major causes (types) of Turbulence
- convective currents : called convective turbulence
- obstructions in the wind flow : called mechanical turbulence (e.g Mountain Wave)
- wind shear